从技能本位到工匠精神:论高职教育人才培养的困境、选择与途径

From “Skill” to “Spirit”: The Plight and Strategy of Talent Cultivation in Higher Vocational Education

在"技能本位"的导向下,我国高职教育面临人才培养的困境,单一的"技能本位"不能培养出国家、企业需要的人才,不能满足学生可持续发展的需要。现代社会"工匠精神"有新特征和内涵,符合高职教育人才培养的目标,从"技能本位"到"工匠精神"是高职教育人才培养的必然选择。"工匠精神"的培养可以从以下途径着手校风建设、提升学生的人文素养;重视思想政治工作,加强职业道德教育;推广学习学徒制,发挥教师示范带头作用;重视职业实践培养,强化学生的"工匠精神"等。

Skill oriented talent cultivation in higher vocational education is facing the plight： a single ＇＇ability standard” cannot produce the right talent to cater to the needs of the country, the enterprise or the sustainable development of the students. Modern craftsman spirit has new characteristics and connotation which comply with the goals of talent cultivation in higher vocational education. The change from the “ skill” to the “craftsman spirit^ is the inevitable choice. The cultivation of craftsman spirit can be achieved from the following aspects： 1） Constructing good school culture and enhancing students＇ humanistic quality; 2） Paying attention to the ideological, moral and professional ethics education; 3） Promoting apprenticeship learning and teaching with teachers playing an exemplary role; 4） Strengthening students’ practical training to promote craftsmanship spirit among them.