水环境中磺胺嘧啶胁迫下异育银鲫的组织病理学研究

HISTOPATHOLOGY OF CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO AFTER SULFADIAZINE EXPOSURE IN WATER ENVIRONMENT

为研究不同浓度磺胺嘧啶胁迫下鱼肝脏、肾脏、鳃、肠道、肌肉等组织的病理变化,以异育银鲫为研究对象,采用室内模拟半静态法分别将其置于低(1μg/L)、中(100μg/L)、高(10 mg/L)三个不同浓度的磺胺嘧啶水环境中养殖28d。结果显示,不同磺胺嘧啶浓度胁迫下,异育银鲫的肝脏、肾脏、鳃、肠道、肌肉组织均产生了不同程度的病理变化,主要表现为肝细胞淤血,空泡化,核固缩,细胞溶解坏死;肾小管上皮细胞空泡化,肾小球细胞坏死,肾间质淤血;鳃小片上皮细胞肿大、增生,鳃丝成板状,鳃小片结构消失;肠道微绒毛脱落,黏膜下层增厚,黏膜皱襞破损;肌纤维排列疏松、紊乱、断裂。各组织中肝脏、鳃、肾脏损伤尤为严重,且随着磺胺嘧啶处理时间的延长,剂量的增加均会导致组织损伤加重。试验可为水产养殖过程中合理使用磺胺类药物提供一定的理论指导。

This study investigated the effects of sulfadiazine exposure at three different concentrations（1 μg/L, 100 μg/L and 10 mg/L） for 28 d on histopathology of the liver, kidney, gill, muscle and gut of Carassius auratus gibelio by semistatic test method. The results showed that different pathological changes occurred on the liver, kidney, gill and muscle of Carassius auratus gibelio under different concentrations of sulfadiazine stress, which included the congestion, vacuolation, karyopyknosis, necrosis of liver cell, the vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells, necrocytosis in glomerulus and congestion in renal interstitium, the edema of epithelial cell in gill lamellae, hyperplasia and disappearance of gill lamellae, the exfoliation of microvilli, thicker submucosa and vacuoles degeneration and necrosis of muscularis, the widened gap, disorder and fragmentation of myofiber. Among all the tissues, liver, gill and kidney presented more serious pathological lesions than other two tissues and damage of tissues was inhibited obviously in a time and dose dependant manner. Thus, this study can provide theoretical guidance for the rational use of sulfonamides drugs in the aquaculture process.