发酵有机肥对主养草鱼池塘水质调控效果研究

THE EFFECTS OF FERMENTED ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON WATER QUALITY IN POLYCULTURE PONDS DOMINATED WITH GRASS CARP

在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)主养池塘中,对比检测了发酵有机肥实验塘与未施肥对照塘水质理化指标、浮游生物及微生物群落结构差异,以分析发酵有机肥肥效及其对池塘水环境产生的影响。结果如下:发酵有机肥显著提高了浮游生物种类数、生物量和细菌丰度,增加了浮游植物多样性;实验期间,实验塘浮游植物、浮游动物平均生物量和细菌平均丰度分别为(68.21±25.13)mg/L、(9.83±5.74)mg/L和(6.53±2.13)×10~6 ind./mL,分别是对照塘的2.78倍、4.35倍和1.29倍;发酵有机肥促进有益菌增殖作用显著,施肥后期,实验塘乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌和节杆菌属相对比例分别为(0.61±0.17)%、(0.89±0.29)%和(0.04±0.0082)%,分别是对照塘的3倍、3倍和4倍;发酵有机肥平抑NH_4^+-N、NO_2-N效果显著,在NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N快速积累季节,实验塘NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N浓度均显著低于对照塘(P<0.05);发酵有机肥增氧效果显著,而对pH、TN、TP、NO_3^--N、PO_4^(3-)-P等无显著影响。研究结果表明,发酵有机肥肥效突出,具有显著改善池塘水环境作用。

In the polyculture ponds dominated with grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）, the physico-chemical index and community structure of plankton and microbial in pond water with or without fermented organic fertilizer were measured to analyze the effects of fermented organic fertilizer on water environment of polyculture ponds. The results showed that the diversity and biomass of zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria increased significantly in the fermented organic fertilizer ponds. During the experiment, monthly average biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and the average abundance of microbial were（68.21±25.13） mg/L,（9.83±5.74） mg/L and（6.53±2.13）×10~6 ind./mL, which were2.78, 4.35 and 1.29 times of those in the control ponds, respectively. Furthermore, the proliferations of beneficial bacteria were significantly promoted by using fermented organic fertilizer. In later stage, the relative proportions of Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Arthrobacter were（0.61±0.17）%,（0.89±0.29）% and（0.04±0.0082）%, which were 3, 3 and 4 times of those in the control ponds, respectively. In rapid accumulation season of NH_4~＋-N and N0_2^--N, the concentrations of NH_4~＋-N and NO_2^--N were significant lower than those of control ponds（P0.05）, which indicated that the fermented organic fertilizer had a remarkable effect on stabilizing the concentration of NH_4~＋-N and N0_2^--N. Moreover, the oxygenation improved significantly by fermented organic fertilizer, while the pH value, TN, TP, NO_3^--N, and PO_4^（3-）-P concentration were not significantly different（P0.05） from those of the control ponds. All of the results mentioned above indicated that the effectiveness of fermented organic fertilizer was prominent and it could significantly improve the water environment of poly culture ponds.