论先秦逻辑史中带有思想内涵的推理律动

Analysis on the Thought-unit-based Reasoning Features during Pre-Qin Logic Development History

以往的先秦逻辑史研究,常以"所依之理"为考察对象,且往往会以西方的逻辑为参照,并以西方逻辑及中国古代文献中相类似的概念(名)、判断(辞)、推理(说)、论证(辩)为架构,但由于中西文化和语言的差异,使得中国古代逻辑史的内容始终无法朝纯粹形式化方向发展。"所依之理"与"所据之理"都影响着推理的进行,两者也有密切的互动联系。所依、所据之理不仅是在同一思想单位中的推理,也左右着思想单位间的推理进行,更是将"小思想单位"结合成"大思想单位"的重要因素。"思想单位"从拟构到完构,是一段线索、变因不断充实的过程,也是主客互动的有机旋律。以这种方法处理先秦逻辑史架构,或可打破各家既有框架,融入各家思想资源,从而展现先秦时期的整体性"思想单位",其"思想单位"内的推理方式,以及其中各"思想单位"间的推理关系。

The studies of pre-Qin period logic history used to take"referential theory"as objects and take western logic as the frame of reference.They take similar concepts(name),judgment(words),reasoning(statement),and argument(proposition)as basic structures in western logic and ancient Chinese literature.But the cultural and linguistic differences make it difficult for ancient Chinese logic to be fully developed in a purely formalized way."Referential theory"and"motivation theory"are closely related,but both affect inferences.They make inferences in the same thought unit and also guide the inference making.What’s more,they are important factors to integrate"small units of thought"into"large units of thought".