司马迁的考史游记刍论

A Research on Sima Qian's Travel Notes

史圣司马迁的《史记》,是第一部纪传体通史。后世的史学家、文学家各从不同的学科视野来研究这部伟大的著作,发凡其在史学史、文学史、思想史等诸多方面的意义。大家都认为,司马迁一生非凡的游历,与《史记》撰述有相得益彰之妙趣。究此二者之关系,实际上可视为是考史之游与考史游记。司马迁既先有其难计其数的考史之游,原始察终,究天人之际,通古今之变,遂完成其皇皇巨著《史记》,成一家之言。《史记》无疑是司马迁理论研究与考史实践相结合的成果。司马迁还在其中或明或暗记录自己的考史之游,无意中开考史游记之先河,亦当视为中国最早的完整系统的游记史学和游记文学。

Historical Records written by Sima Qian, the great Chinese historian, is the first comprehensive biographical history book in China. Numerous historians and literary writers have researched on this great history work, trying to reveal its significance in historiography, the history of Chinese literature and thought. There is a general agreement among the researchers that Sima Qian ＇s travel experience was included into his book. When one investigates into the relationship between the two, it is not difficult for him to find out that the historianJ s various travels had been carried out in order to research on the history. The countless travel notes made by the historian enabled him to finish the great and unique book Historical Records. This great work of Sima Qian undoubtedly came from the combination of theoretical research with field investigation. In his book, Sima Qian also recorded his travel notes, making himself the first one in China to have done history-researching travels. Therefore, Historical Records can be regarded as Chi-na＊ s earliest travel history and literature book.