对中国出生人口性别比失衡问题的再认识

Recognition on the Imbalance of Sex Ratio at Birth in China

文章利用中国历次人口普查和抽样调查数据,对出生人口性别比有关问题进行梳理和分析,结果发现:出生人口性别比持续偏高与中国生育水平下降有着密切的关系,二者呈负相关关系,相互交叉时间大致在1980年前后。出生人口性别比变动具有以下特征:出生人口性别比失衡的时间持续较长,失衡的地理空间逐渐由局部省区向全国蔓延,出生人口性别比失衡程度越来越严重。农村地区的出生人口性别比明显比城市偏高,而且城乡出生人口性别比差异有逐渐扩大的趋势。不同孩次间的出生人口性别比(SRB)也存在一定的差异,但主要表现在一孩与二孩及以上之间,而二孩与二孩以上之间的差异并不显著。中国出生人口性别比失衡的原因可以归结为三类:根本原因、加速原因和直接原因。为此,本文从宣传教育、科技研发、观念消除与经济发展四个方面提出对策建议。

This paper makes use of the census and sample survey data in China to sort out the problems related to the sex ratio at birth. We found that the high sex ratio at birth has a close relationship with the decline of the total fertility rate （TFR）, and both have negative correlation, the reversal time was around 1980.The change of sex ratio at birth has the following main characteristics： sex ratio imbalance of birth is the longest, the unbalanced geographical space gradually spread from the local provinces to the whole country, the gender ratio imbalance is more and more serious. The sex ratio of the rural-born population is higher than that of city, and both have a tendency to expand gradually, and the sex ratio at birth between different children is different. The difference between the two children and the higher children was not obvious between the two children and the higher children. The causes of the imbalance of sex ratio at birth can be attributed to three types, the root cause, the acceleration and the direct cause. Therefore, this paper puts forward and development. from four aspects： that is publicity education, science and technology research