某高校本科新生健康素养调查分析

Investigation and analysis of health diathesis of freshman in a university

目的了解高校本科新生的健康素养状况,分析本科新生健康素养的影响因素,为针对性地开展高校本科新生健康素养教育,提高其健康素养水平提供参考依据。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法,对某高校的本科1 150名新生进行问卷调查。以《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》为基础,设计调查问卷,进行统计分析。结果调查中某高校本科新生中14.8%具备健康素养。具备健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和健康技能素养者的比例依次为19.7%、11.3%和12.5%。具备安全与急救、科学健康观、健康信息、慢性病预防、传染病预防、基本医疗6类素养者的比例依次为29.1%、32.5%、34.3%、12.6%、15.8%和12.2%。健康素养得分与3个维度得分显示各维度间存在正相关关系。本科新生掌握健康知识对慢性病、传染病等相关问题的知晓率较低。结论高校本科新生总体健康素养水平有待进一步提高,其健康素养3个维度水平不均衡。高校本科新生基本医疗素养具备率较低。高校应加强本科新生健康教育,改革健康教育的形式方法与评价体系,定期检测大学生的健康素养水平,提高在校大学生的健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the health diathesis of undergraduates and analyze the influencing factors on freshman＇s health diathesis so as to provide references for health education of undergraduates and improvement of their health diathesis. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to carry out a questionnaire survey in 1150 undergraduates. Based on 《National Health Diathesis Surveillance Questionnaire》,finally the questionnaire was statistically analyzed. Results The investigation results showed that 14. 8% of undergraduates in the university had health diathesis. The proportion of those with health knowledge and ideas,healthy life styles and behavior and health skills diathesis was 19. 7% ,11. 3% and 12. 5% ,respectively. Moreover the proportion of those with diathesis of safety and first aid,scientific health idea,health information,prevention of chronic diseases,prevention of infectious diseases and basic medical care was 32. 1% ,34. 3% ,12. 6% ,15. 8% and 12. 2% ,respectively. The health diathesis scores and three dimensions scores showed that there was a positive correlation among the three dimensions. Moreover the awareness rates of undergraduates to grasp health knowledge of chronic diseases,infectious diseases and other related issues were lower. Conclusion The overall health diathesis levels of college freshman need to be further improved,and the levels of three dimensions of health diathesis are imbalanced. The basic medical diathesis rate of undergraduate freshman is lower,therefor,colleges and universities should strengthen health education for undergraduate freshman,reform the form and methods of health education,regularly detect the levels of health diathesis of college students and improve the health diathesis levels of undergraduates.