牧区聚落时空特征及其形成机制——以正蓝旗为例

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Their Formation Mechanism of Settlements in Pastoral Area:A Case Study in Zhenglan Banner

牧区聚落作为人地关系相互作用的重要载体与空间分布类型之一,研究其时空特征能很好的表征牧区乃至人类聚落发展的演变规律。基于GIS和Excel统计分析方法,探讨典型草原牧区正蓝旗在2000—2017年聚落的时空分布特征,进一步分析聚落形成与发展的主要影响因素。结果表明：（1）2000—2017年,正蓝旗聚落分布时空特征呈现急速增长的态势,聚落分布整体较为聚集,呈＂南密北疏＂的空间差异;研究区聚落斑块规模相差悬殊,小型聚落占主体。（2）区域上,聚落分布格局呈现出明显的区域差异性。在海拔1 196-1 428 m和坡度5°-15°的范围内分布的聚落较多,随着海拔和坡度的变化,聚落斑块数和规模趋于正态分布态势;随着道路和河流的变化,聚落斑块数和规模布局大致呈逐级递减的趋势。（3）水文、交通及地形地貌等地理要素对正蓝旗聚落区位的选择起到很大的限制作用,这三个因素也是决定聚落空间分布的主导因素。总体上,分析该牧区聚落的发展变化与形成机制,可对整个牧区聚落空间布局调整、优化提供重要的借鉴价值。

As one kind of the important carriers and of the spatial distribution types of the man-land interaction in pastoral area,the spatiotemporal characteristics of settlements can be used to characterize the evolution law of pastoral areas and human settlements. In this study,the statistical analysis methods of GIS and Excel were used to study the spatiotemporal distribution of pastoral settlements in the typical grassland in Zhenglan Banner during the period from 2000 to 2017,and the main factors affecting the settlement formation and development were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows：（1） Spatiotemporal distribution of the settlements in Zhenglan Banner was in a rapid growth trend,the overall distribution of settlements was centralized,and the settlement density was high in the south but low in the north; the scale of settlement patches was quite different,and the small settlements were dominant;（2） In the region,there was an obvious regional difference in distribution pattern of settlements. Settlements were mainly distributed in the regions with slope of 5°-15°and elevation of 1 196-1 428 m a. s. l. With the change of elevation and slope,the number and scale of settlement patches tended to be a normal distribution,and the number and the scale of settlement patches tended to a gradual decrease with the change of roads and rivers;（3） Hydrology,traffic,topography and other geographical factors limited the location choice of settlements in Zhenglan Banner,and these factors were dominant in spatial distribution of the settlements. In general,the analyzed results of development and formation mechanism of the settlements in pastoral area could provide the important references for regulating and optimizing the spatial layout of the whole pastoral area.