耳道入口处声压分布模态作为听觉方向感知隐性线索的实验分析

Experimental analysis of considering the sound pressure distribution pattern at the ear canal entrance as an unrevealed head-related localization clue

通过分析双耳录音与真实听音之间的差别,推断存在影响听觉方向感知的隐性线索,而由头部及外耳结构引起的耳道入口处截面声压分布模态可能是其中一种。首先,通过听音实验利用反证法证明听觉方向感知隐性线索确实存在,并归纳总结出隐性线索的有效作用频段;然后,利用有限元仿真方法计算耳道入口处的声压分布,仿真结果表明耳道入口处声压分布是不均匀的,且分布模态与声源方向有关,从数值仿真的角度验证了耳道入口处截面的声压分布模态携带了声源方向信息,可以作为一种隐性定位线索;仿真计算所得前、后声源方向耳道入口处声压分布模态差异显著的频段与听音实验所得的隐性线索有效频段基本相符,在一定程度上支持耳道入口处声压分布模态是一种方向感知隐性线索的推测。

By analyzing the differences between binaural recording and real listening, it was deduced that there were some unrevealed auditory localization clues, and the sound pressure distribution pattern at the entrance of ear canal was probably a clue. It was proved through the listening test that the unrevealed auditory localization clues really exist with the reduction to absurdity. And the effective frequency bands of unrevealed localization clues were induced and summed. The result of finite element simulation showed that the pressure distribution at the entrance of ear canal was non-uniform, and the pattern was related to the direction of sound source. And it was proved that the sound pressure distribution pattern at the entrance of the ear canal carries the sound source direction information and could be used as an unrevealed localization clue. The frequency bands in which the sound pressure distribution patterns were significant different between front and back sound source directions were roughly matched with the effective frequency bands of unrevealed localization clues obtained from the listening test. To some extent, it supported the hypothesis that the sound pressure distribution pattern could be a kind of unrevealed auditory localization clues.