《诗品》的五言诗人谱系性质——一种新型诗歌批评形式

Genealogy of Five-Character Poets in Grades of Poetry——A New Approach to Poetic Criticism

《诗品》分中古五言诗人为《国风》《楚辞》《小雅》三大派系,为此三大派系诗人作谱,即列出其传承及其各自特点。钟嵘是在中古谱学的影响下做中古五言诗人谱系的。钟嵘本人具备撰制诗人谱系的素质,他熟悉谱学,是著名谱学家王俭的学生,对以谱牒为文献基础的门阀制度的实施发表过意见;其前辈文学批评家、谱学家挚虞《文章流别》曾作文章谱系,如此传统对钟嵘应该有所影响。钟嵘撰制五言诗人谱系的四点做法是:依"九品论人,《七略》裁士"而来,定诗人为三品;品评诗人,关注其士、庶身份;关注诗人"家风""家法";诗人辨伪工作。《诗品》构建五言诗人谱系,列出"预此宗流者,便称才子"的诗人,把曹丕提出的诗歌为"不朽之盛事"具体落实到诗人进入谱系以"不朽";并呼应文章总集"采摘孔翠,芟剪繁芜"的编纂目的,为世人列出优秀诗人的优秀作品。《诗品》撰制诗人谱系的传统,后世有所承袭,如《诗人主客图》《江西诗社宗派图》《唐诗品汇》等。

Zhong Rong in Grades of Poetry classified five-character poets from two Han dynasties to the Northern and Southern dynasties into three schools Guofen, Chuci and Xiaoya. The poets of the three schools were analyzed genea- logically, namely, their inherited relationships and features were analyzed. Influenced by genealogy of his times, Zhong Rong established the genealogy of five-character poets. Zhong Rong, a student of the famous genealogist Wang Jian, was familiar with genealogy and made comments on family oligarchy based on genealogy literature, so he was qualified for es- tablishing the genealogy of poets. Zhong Rong might also be influenced by Zhi Yu＇s genealogical work Collection of Arti- cles in Jing Dynasty. Zhong Rong made his genealogy of five-character poets in the following ways： firstly, he ranked the poets in three grades; secondly, he paid attention to the poets＇ social status; thirdly, he emphasized the poets＇ family background, especially their ＂family tradition＂ and ＂domestic discipline＂; fourthly, he evaluated the poets＇ poetic a chievements. Grades of Poetry established genealogy of five-character poets, and listed the outstanding poets and their poems. The tradition of making genealogy of poets was inherited by the later generations.