论二战中叶美国与纳粹德国的“不宣而战”

An Analysis of the Undeclared War between USA and Nazi Germany in the Mid World War Ⅱ

1941年8月的大西洋会议之后,美国确立"护航制度"以保卫大西洋上的盟国商船免遭德国潜艇的袭击,9月4日发生的"格利尔号事件"以及随之而来的一系列美德海军冲突使得两国在北大西洋进行了一场"未宣布的战争",美德双方这种有限的海上军事对峙一直持续到1941年12月11日——纳粹德国对美国宣战。对1941年美德海军冲突展开的研究,有助于更加清晰地展现第二次世界大战中期美国海军军事战略的制定,援助盟国的具体措施,以及为对抗纳粹"潜艇战"而实施的一系列军事计划及其影响。以罗斯福为代表的美国高层主战派巧妙地利用美德海军冲突推动遏制纳粹政权的国家大战略,使美国旗帜鲜明地成为反法西斯战争的主力军。

The paper analyzes the naval conflicts between the USA and Germany at the end of 1941. In order to detend her allies and fight against the Nazi-Germany submarines in the Atlantic, the USA established ＂convoy system＂. On Sep- tember 4, 1941, the ＂Greer Incident＂ occurred, followed by a series of naval conflicts provoking an “Undeclared War” between Germany and the USA, and this kind of limited maritime confrontations continued until December 11, 1941 -- Nazi Germany declared war on the United States. The study of the Atlantic Naval Conflicts exposes the devising of the na vy strategy, specific assistant measures for Europe and military plans against ＂wolf pack＂ of the USA in World War I1. Roosevelt＇s cabinet took advantage of the naval conflicts to achieve their political goals., the USA had transformed into the genuine force to the Fascist Axis Powers since the undeclared war.