主要国家城市化基本经验及其启示

The Basic Experience of Urbanization in Major Countries and Its Enlightenment on Urbanization in China

该文研究世界城市化的规律：早期的城市大多是政治、军事、宗教中心,但规模小,人口少,经济弱;近代城市化是随着工业化兴起的,聚集了大量人口,城乡贫富差距也在加大;现代城市化是二战后发展起来的,并形成城市群。世界城市化的基本特征是：城市数量和城市人口比重迅速增加,城市化发展重心向发展中国家转移,发达国家城市化远远高于发展中国家,并呈现出大城市优先发展、阶段性发展、大中小城市协调发展等规律。该文提出,中国城市化要进行政治体制改革,取消户口附加的其他福利功能,只让户口证明身份,为政府提供规划依据,打破城乡户口不公,剥离行政管理对户口的限制,加大户籍改革力度,全面放开户籍限制,大城市率先全面实现农转非。革新就业制度和社会保障制度,改革土地利用制度,培育完善的土地市场,完善财政金融制度,加大对农村的财政扶持,投入大量资金补贴农业。

The urbanization in the world is regular.Most of the early cities were political,military and religious centers,but they were small in scale,with small population and weak economy.With the rise of industrialization,modern urbanization has gathered a large number of people and the gap between urban and rural areas has also become greater.Modern urbanization developed after World War II,and the urban agglomeration has risen.The basic characteristics of urbanization in the world are as follows：The number of cities and the proportion of urban population increase rapidly,the center of urbanization shifts to developing countries,the urbanization in developed countries is much higher than that in developing countries,and the development of large cities shows priority and phased development,cities of different sizes have displayed coordinated development and other laws.China＇s urbanization should carry out the reform of the political system and eliminate other welfare functions attached to the registered permanent residence.Only the registered permanent residence should prove its identity,provide planning basis for the government,break the urban and rural household unfairness,strip away administrative restrictions on the registered permanent residence,increase the registered permanent residence reform,and comprehensively release the restriction on the registered permanent residence.Big cities should be the first to achieve nonagricultural transfer.We should reform the employment system and the social security system,reform the system of land use,cultivate a sound land market,improve the financial and financial system,increase financial support to rural areas and invest heavily in subsidies for agriculture.