焉耆在丝绸之路交通格局中的地位

The Prominent Position of Yanqi along the Silk Road

焉耆曾经是匈奴控制西域时期的行政中心。作为联系汉人"出西域""南道"与"北道"间的枢纽,焉耆在丝绸之路交通格局中具有重要的地位。《汉书》卷96《西域传》关于西域诸国空间位置,有涉及交通信息的定位。叙述习惯,往往言"去阳关"若干里,"去长安"若干里,"至都护治所"若干里,以及由某方向"通"某国或"至"某国若干里。其中数则关于某国"至焉耆"若干里等信息,尤其值得注意。名将辛庆忌参与汉帝国西域经营,又以"校尉"身份"将吏士屯焉耆国"事迹,也是丝绸之路史的重要情节。史籍所谓"焉耆先叛""西域自此绝",提示了汉王朝与焉耆交往关系的变化,竟然影响到整个西域的形势。而汉王朝对焉耆"慰抚"的成功,也可以致使"西域五十余国悉皆纳质内属"。

Yanqi once is the administrative center during the western region under the control of Xiongnu. As a hub for Han people traveling through the Western Regions, Yanqi occupies an important position along the Silk Road. Its exact traffic information can be found in Xi Yu Zhuan, Vol. 96, Han Shu. The habitual expressions are usually as follows： a few miles to Yangguan, to Chang＇an, or to a guard place, or a certain direction to this or that country. Several pieces of information about a country＇s distance to Yanqi is particularly worthy of notice. The famous general, Xin Qing-ji participated in the management of the Western Region during the Han Empire, moreover, as a military officer, stationed his army in Yanqi, all is important for the study of the history of the Silk Road. Rebels in Yanqi and the fall of the Western Regions in the historical records have both revealed the changes of the relations between the Han Dynasty and Yanqi, and even affected the situation in the Western Regions. The successful propitiation of the Han Dynasty to Yanqi may have led to the hostage of their wives and children from the fifty Western countries.