对自然辩证法的再思考——基于卢卡奇的历史辩证法思想

Reconsiderations about Natural Dialectics——Based on Lukacs's Historical Dialectic Thought

对恩格斯自然辩证法的质疑和争论一直是学术界讨论的热点话题。以卢卡奇为代表的西方马克思主义者将自然视为社会的存在物,只承认历史辩证法,而不承认自然辩证法,其后果是造成"马恩对立"论,消解马克思主义的整体性。卢卡奇从历史范畴出发考察人类社会,将自然范畴做出了非历史化的解读,这显然是对马克思主义的误解,所以有必要对其进行纠偏以及为恩格斯进行辩护。事实上,在自然辩证法问题上,马克思与恩格斯并不存在对立,只是二者所关注的重点不同,自然辩证法与历史辩证法共同构成了整体的辩证法理论。

It has been a hot topic to question and debate on Engels＇s natural dialectics in the academic circle.Western Marxists, represented by Lukacs, regard nature as a social existence by only acknowledging historical dialectics instead of the natural dialectics, which leads to the ＂Conflicts between Marx and Engels＂ and reduces the integration of Marxism. Lukacs has been exploring the human world from the historical perspective, giving non-historical interpretation of the nature. Clearly, this is a misunderstanding of Marxism, therefore, it is necessary to have it rectified and defend for Engels. In fact, on the issue of the natural dialectics, Marx and Engels are not antagonistic, but only with different focuses. Nature dialectics and historical dialectics constitute the complete theory of dialectics.