语言个性理论框架下俄政论语体的特点分析

An Analysis of Discourse Features of Russian Political Comments within the Theoretical Framework of Language Individuality

语言个性概念由尤·尼·卡拉乌洛夫(Ю.Н.Караулов)提出,具有层次理论基础,包含言语语义层、语言认知层以及语用层。语言认知层内"词汇总量"定义包含多项衡量标准,如即兴生成语言能力、展开论证能力以及话语连接能力。这三项标准作为判定既定领域语言使用是否符合语言个性特征,或是否具有语言个性的理论依据,都有明确的内容要求。同时,这三项标准在一定程度上与政论语体具有相关性,因此探究政论语体是否具有语言个性对于语言学领域研究具有重要意义。本文意在结合俄政论语体,依托语言个性理论探究政论语体与语言个性之间的联系。即确定关于官方公开话语中语言个性的真正载体,划定展开论证的过程中否定词使用所指代的真正否定范围,以及确认话语连接能力的判定标准。此外,本文以2016年第13届"瓦尔代"会议答记者问文本为例,分析政论语言表达是否具有语言个性理论所要求的特征,或判断其是否具有语言个性。

The concept of language individuality, proposed byЮ.Н. Karaulov, has been based on relevant hierarchical theories, including the semantic layer of speech, the cognitive layer of speech and the pragmatic layer. The definition of ＂total vocabulary＂ on the layer of linguistic cognition contains a number of measuring factors, such as improvised linguistic ability, arguing and verifying ability, and the ability of discourse connection. As the theoretical basis determining whether the use of language in a given field conforms to the characteristics of linguistic individuality or whether they have linguistic individuality or not, these three criteria have clear content requirements respectively. At the same time, these three criteria are related to the discourse of political comments to a certain extent. Therefore, The exploration concerning whether the discourse of political comments has linguistic personality or not is of great significance to the study of linguistics. This paper intends to explore the link between the discourse of political comments and linguistic individuality by combining the Russian discourse of political comments with the dependence on the theory of language individuality, i.e., to determine the actual carrier for linguistic personality in official public discourse, to establish a clear scope for the use of negative words in the process of argumentation, and to confirming the criteria for the assessment of discourse connecting ability. In addition, taking the text of the part of answering the journalists＇ questions in the 13 th Valdeau Conference in 2016 as an example, this article has analyzed whether the linguistic expression of political comments possesses the characteristics required by the theory of language individuality, determining whether it has language individuality or not.