不同中医运动治未病锻炼对大学生睡眠质量、抑郁与焦虑水平的影响

Effects of Different TCM Exercises for Preventive Treatment of Diseases on Sleep Quality, Depression and Anxiety of College Students

目的观察中医运动治未病锻炼对大学生睡眠质量与多维度心理健康水平的影响。方法参照受试者意愿,将132名大学生分为易筋经组、八段锦组、五禽戏组、太极拳组和慢跑步组。每次运动45 min,每周5~6次运动处方锻炼,每2周进行集中指导,根据受试者对运动锻炼掌握与身体反应的情况及时调整运动强度,连续2个月。观察各组干预前后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)及简明心境量表(BFS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)情况。结果 5种运动干预后均可改善受试者睡眠情况,在睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠药物、日间功能障碍方面各有侧重。易筋经组干预后BFS活跃性总分、思虑性总分、愤怒性总分、激动性总分、抑郁性总分与本组干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);五禽戏组干预后活跃性总分、愉悦性总分、平静性总分与本组干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。易筋经组、八段锦组、慢跑步组SAS总分与本组干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。易筋经组、八段锦组、慢跑步组SAS标准分值与本组干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5组干预前后SDS各项评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 5种运动均可从不同方面改善睡眠质量。易筋经组与五禽戏组可改善大学生心理健康水平,其中易筋经组可双向调控大学生的正、负性心理指标。

Objective To observe the effects of different TCM exercises for preventive treatment of diseases on sleep quality and multidimensional mental health level of college students. Methods According to the willing of the research objects, 132 college students were divided into Yijinjing group, Baduanjin group, Wuqinxi group, Tai Chi group, and jogging group. They exercised 45 min each time, 5–6 times per week, received central guidance every two weeks, and exercise intensity was timely adjusted based on master of physical activity and reaction to the situation of college students, for 2 months. PSQI, BFS, SDS and SAS before and after intervention in each group were observed. Results After intervention, five kinds of exercises could improve sleep situation of college students, and had their own focus in sleep quality, falling-asleep time, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, sleep medication, daytimedysfunction. There was statistical significance in BFS activity score, thought score, anger score, excitation score, and depression score after intervention in Yijinjing group compared with before intervention （P〈0.05）; There was statistical significance in activity score, total joy score, calm total score after intervention in Wuqinxi group compared with before intervention （P〈0.05）. There was statistical significance in SAS total scores of college students in Yijinjing group, Baduanjin group, and jogging group after intervention compared with before intervention （P〈0.05）. There was statistical significance in SAS standard scores of college students in Yijinjing group, Baduanjin group, and jogging group after intervention compared with before intervention （P〈0.05）. There was no statistical difference in SDS scores in the five groups before and after intervention （P〉0.05）. Conclusion 5 kinds of exercises can improve the sleep quality from different aspects. Yijinjing group and Wuqinxi group can improve the mental health of college students, of which Yijinjing group can bi-directionally regulate the positive and negative psychological indicators of college students.