科学争议治理的三种模型

Three Models for the Governance of Scientific Controversies

科学争议治理的主要挑战在于如何克服或缓解专家和公众之间的意见分歧。专家的角色依据在于其拥有特定领域的专长,公众作为争议主题的利益相关者具有声张权益的权利。我们首先讨论科学争议带来的理论挑战,然后分析三种科学争议治理的模型,即柯林斯等基于专长研究提出的知识论模型,基切尔建立在认知分工概念基础上的公共协商模型和安德森提出的公众评估专长的证词模型,最后是对这些模型规范性的几点评论。

The main challenge of scientific controversies is how to make the negotiation between the public and scientific experts go ahead. Roughly, the role of experts in technological decision - making is based on their expertise, while the public have rights to speak out for their interests. This paper articu- lates the philosophical issue posed by scientific controversies firstly, and then discusses three different models for the governance of those controversies, finally, concludes with some remarks.