抢先发表意识与诺贝尔奖——以吴健雄为例

The Awareness of Rush Publication and Nobel Prize:Take Chien-Shiung Wu for Instance

1956年,杨振宁、李政道为解开"θ-τ之谜"提出了质疑宇称守恒在弱相互作用中是否成立的科学假说,吴健雄率先验证了在弱相互作用中宇称不守恒。但在获得实验结果后,她却缺乏"抢先发表"成果的意识,有意延缓成果发表,导致另两个实验小组后来赶上。而首先发表是科学发现优先权归属所依据的准则,依据这一准则,吴健雄丧失了独占实验发现的优先权,从而丧失了分享诺贝尔物理学奖这一殊荣的良机。这一诺贝尔奖案例给我们的启示是,在激烈的全球科学竞技场上,科研人员应当具备科学成果抢先发表的意识。

To solve the θ-τ puzzle, Chen - Ning Yang and Tsung - Dao Lee questioned that whether the parity conservation is correct or not in weak in- teraction, and Chien - Shiung Wu verified the scientific hypotheses of weak interaction purity violation in 1956. Unfortunately, Chien - Shiung Wu did not delivered the experiment reports immediately because of lacking of awareness of rush publication, so resulted in the other two experiment groups catching up. There is a criterion that the first published acientiflc discovery has the priority right, according to this criterion, Wu Chien - Shiung lost the priority of exclusive experiments, which lost the opportunity to share this award of the Nobel prize in physics. From the Nobel prize case we can draw a conclusion that researchers should with the scientific awareness of rush publication in the fierce global scientific arena.