明清云南高原湖泊的环境变迁与社会应对——以石屏异龙湖为中心

Environmental Transitions of Yunnan's Plateau Lakes and Social Countermeasures in Ming and Qing Dynasties——A case study based on Yilong Lake in Shiping County

明清时期是异龙湖流域经济开发和社会发展的重要阶段,也是生态环境变迁的典型时期。水利淤塞成为异龙湖生态环境变迁的主要表征及治理重点。尽管在异龙湖的治理和开发中存在利益博弈和论争,但为应对生态环境问题,修治水利和恢复生态成为区域民众的共同利益,生态环境变迁成为促进社会动员和社会整合的主要动力。异龙湖的小流域个案,反映了明清时期云南高原湖泊开发与生态变迁、社会运行的关系,同时也说明高原湖泊水利社会史研究应重视区域地理环境,并在生态环境变迁的视角下进行考察。

The Ming and Qing dynasties were an important stage in the economic and social de- velopment of Yilong Lake drainage basin and was also a typical period of ecological environmental tran-sitions. The major manifestation of the ecological environmental changes of Yilong Lake, silt in irriga- tion works was the focus of control. There were conflicts of interests and controversies in the governance and development of the lake. However, to deal with ecological environmental problems, people found their common interests in renovating irrigation works and restoring ecology. Transitions in ecological en- vironment became the main driving force for mobilizing and integrating the society. The case of the small Yilong Lake drainage basin reflects the relationship between the development of ~unnan plateau lakes and the ecological transitions and social operation during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The case also indicates that the research on the history of plateau-lake hydraulic society should focus on regional geological environment and conduct examinations from the perspective of ecological environmental transitions.