地权界定中的宗族与国家

The Clan and State in the Definition of Land Rights

祖业权作为民间习惯并未形成权利,无论是民间意识还是外在制度,均不否认国家作为终极产权主体。当经济变迁带来土地的强财产属性时,即使祖业权嵌入的宗族网络稳定,宗族为获得好处仍会争夺清晰地权。一方面,无论所有权还是使用权的权利声称,均强调各自的"管业来历"具有社会合理性;另一方面,产权声称背后的利益诉求存在矛盾,如何通过确权分利建设地权秩序,深度考验基层政府产权实施能力。若政府在地权纠纷中无底线妥协,以获取实利为目标的地权主体,就会快速扩张自己的地权边界,博弈的无序化就带来地权纠纷。

Ancestral rights as a folk custom does not form a right, whether it is civil consciousness or external system, which do not deny the state as the ultimate property rights subject. When the economic changes brought about land property, even if the ancestral rights are embedded in the clan network, clan for the benefit will compete for clear right. On the one hand, both the ownership and the right of use claim to emphasize the social rationality of their respective ＂sources of management＂ , on the other hand, there are contradictions in the claims of interests behind property claims, how to build the land order through the right of separation, depth test ability to grass-roots government property rights implementation capacity. When the government make a compromise without bottom line in the land dispute, in order to obtain benefit as the goal of the subject of land ownership, which will rapidly expand its land boundary, and the disorder of the game will bring land rights disputes.