“山东非法经营疫苗系列案件”对孕妇接种疫苗意愿影响的调查

Influence of Shandong illegal vaccine selling event on vaccination willingness of pregnant women

目的了解孕妇对疫苗及山东非法经营疫苗系列案件(简称"疫苗事件")的态度和认知,评估疫苗事件对孕妇生产后按时为婴幼儿接种疫苗意愿及其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取北京城区7家医疗机构对孕妇开展调查,于2016年4月18—21日,采用自填式调查问卷进行调查。结果本次共调查374名孕妇,孕妇对疫苗事件的知晓率为89.84%,文化程度越高知晓率越高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。认为第一类疫苗安全的有46.38%,明显高于第二类疫苗的20.11%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。82.89%的孕妇选择在生产后按时接种第一类疫苗,41.71%的孕妇选择按时接种第二类疫苗,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic分析显示,认为第一类、第二类疫苗安全(OR_(一类)=2.91,OR_(二类)=3.15)和对检测涉事疫苗发布风险评估报告措施满意(OR=2.44)的孕妇按时接种第一类疫苗意愿高。认为第二类疫苗安全(OR=2.71)、对WHO召开发布会满意(OR=2.02)是第二类疫苗按时接种的影响因素。结论疫苗事件对第二类疫苗造成的负面影响更大,疫苗安全性是影响孕妇生产后是否按时为婴幼儿接种疫苗的主要影响因素。宜及时建立更全面、权威和长期的疫苗和预防接种健康促进方式,以提高公众的疫苗健康素养,提升家长对疫苗和预防接种的信心。

Objective To understand the influence of Shandong illegal vaccine selling event（vaccine event） on vaccination willingness of pregnant women, and to assess the influencing factors. Methods By the convenience sampling, we conducted a survey on pregnant women with a self-administered questionnaire in 7 selected hospitals in Beijing from April 18 th to 21 st. Results A total of 374 pregnant women were investigated, and the awareness rate of the vaccine event was 89.84%. The awareness rate in the people with higher education level was higher, and the differences were statistically significant（P=0.002）. The respondents considered that type 1 vaccine（46.38%） was safer than type 2（20.11%）, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.001）. Totally 82.89% of the respondents choose to get type 1 vaccination on time,for type 2 the rate was only 41.71%, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.001）. The multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the respondents who believed type 1 and 2 vaccine were safe（ORType 1=2.91, ORType 2=3.15） and satisfied with the risk assessment report for the vaccine involved in the event（OR=2.44） were more willing to get type 1 vaccination on time. The respondents who believed typed 2 vaccine was safe（OR=2.71） and satisfied with the WHO＇s press conference（OR=2.02） were more willing to get type 2 vaccination on time. Conclusion The vaccine event causes stronger negative effects on type 2 vaccine. The main influence factor of vaccination timely among pregnant women is the safety of vaccine. A more comprehensive, authoritative and long-term vaccination health promotion approach should be established to improve the health literacy and parents＇ confidence in vaccines and vaccination.