儿童注意缺陷多动障碍分子遗传学病因及药物干预研究进展

Advances in Molecular Genetics Etiology and Drug Intervention in Children whih Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童及青少年时期最常见的神经发育和行为障碍,根据美国精神病学会（APA）制定的《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》第5版（DSM-V）,其核心表现为与其年龄不相符的注意力不集中、多动及行为冲动,严重影响了患儿正常学习和日常生活。该病呈慢性过程,近半数以上患儿上述症状可经过干预后消失,但仍有约30%~50%的患儿症状会持续到成年,对患者及其家庭以及社会造成较大困扰,结合国内外最新研究进展对ADHD遗传学病因研究及药物干预情况进行综述,以期为促进ADHD的基础研究及治疗提供依据。

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ ADHD） is the most common neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders among children and adolescence. According to the the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders（ DSM-V）,published by American Psychiatric Association（ APA）,its core performance including lack of concentration,hyperactivity and behavioral impulses that not consistent with their age,and seriously affecting their normal learning and daily life. The disease is a chronic process,more than half of the children with the above symptoms can be disappeared by intervened,but there were still about 30% ~ 50% of the symptoms would continue to adulthood,causing greater distress to the patients,their families and the community. This paper reviewed the latest research progress on ADHD genetic etiology and drug intervention at domestic and abroad in order to promote the basic research and provide the basis of treatment of ADHD.