经合组织参与下的墨西哥基础教育师资建设改革研究

Review on Mexico's Reform of Teachers' Construction in Basic Education with OECD's Involvement

受墨西哥政府的委托,经合组织从师范教育到教师选拔、聘任、在职发展与考核、晋升与淘汰等各个环节,对墨西哥基础教育师资建设提出了八方面的改革建议,经合组织通过施加同伴压力推动了墨西哥新一轮的基础教育师资建设改革。墨西哥据此出台了《教师职业一般服务法》,但这次改革也没有完全采用经合组织的建议,某些方面与经合组织的理念和建议不尽相同,甚至还背道而驰,且整体呈现了追求"短、平、快"的特征。这次师资建设改革因涉及较大的利益冲突而在实施中遇到了重重阻力。基于美国比较教育学者吉塔·斯塔奈哈姆泽提出的解释框架,结合墨西哥国内政局,文章认为墨西哥政府安排经合组织担任此次改革的设计师是为了在国内施加改革压力,并促进改革中伴随的政治权力重新洗牌的"合法化"。

Mexico launched a new round of reform of teachers＇ construction in basic education under OECD＇s effort to put a peer pressure. OECD provided a set of recommendations from eight aspects, ranged from initial teacher preparation to teachers＇ selection, appointment, in-service development, appraisal, promotion and elimination. Accordingly, Mexican. government issued General Law of Teachers Professional Services, but it showed significant discrepancy with OECD＇ s ideology and proposal. Due to a great of conflicts of interests, there was a lot of resistance during the policy implementation. Based on the theoretical framework proposed by the American comparative education professor Gita Steiner- Khamsi, and Mexico＇ s domestic political situation, this paper argues that OECD＇ s involvement was used by Mexico government to boost domestic reform and rearrange political power legitimately.