摇摆与反复:美国“百分比计划”进展与走向

Blowing Hot and Cold: Appraisal and Reflection on the Tread of the ‘Top Percent Plan' in American Universities

"百分比计划"是美国加利福尼亚州、得克萨斯州和佛罗里达州在取消教育领域"肯定性行动"之后实施的替代性政策,旨在缓和"肯定性行动"造成的种族矛盾,同时保证少数族裔学生的高等教育入学率。但在实施过程中,"百分比计划"使得少数族裔新生注册入学率下降,并引发了多方利益冲突与矛盾。虽然美国对"百分比计划"进行了一定的调整,但最新政策却呈现出摇摆与反复,其未来走势不容乐观。

As an alternative to American colleges and universities admission policy after Affirmative Action plan, the Top Percent Plan is to ease the contradiction caused by the affirmative plan and ensure the higher education enrollment rate of ethnic minority in Texas, California and Florida. But during the implementation process of the new policy, certain complicated problems have turned up, for instance, the register rate of minority freshmen has been declining. Moreover, Top Percent Plan has been leading to contradictory conflicts among different stakeholders. Therefore, some main adjustment measures have been taken, however, the new policy has been wobbly and repetitive in several states of America. In the long term, the future trend of the Top Percent Plan is not optimistic.