产权秩序转型:农村集体土地纠纷的一个宏观解释

Transformation of Land Property Order: A Macroscopic Cognition on Large-Scale Land Disputes in Rural China

进入新世纪以来,中国农村土地纠纷急剧增多。有关此问题的解释,学界普遍存在着"特定纠纷类型—特定原因"的解释倾向,而缺少关于农村土地纠纷何以大规模爆发的宏观性、整体性理解,基于此,本文尝试提出"土地产权秩序转型"这一宏观解释框架。"土地产权秩序"意指一个社会中土地产权制度与其形塑下出现的稳态、有序的土地产权行为及其观念;一个社会中人们对于土地的理解主要存在着政治、经济、社会(文化)三重意义和价值维度,不同的土地产权属性对应着不同的土地产权秩序。当前我国农村正在经历着以政治产权属性为基础的土地产权秩序向以经济产权属性为基础的土地产权秩序的转型,这种转型带来了农村两种土地产权属性的并存与对垒,是当前农村土地纠纷大规模爆发的深层次原因。

Since the beginning of the new century,land disputes have increased dramatically in rural China.The current research on rural land disputes have a tendency to explain the specific causes to specific types of disputes,and lack in a macroscopic understanding of large-scale rural land disputes.This paper attempted to raise a framework for macro-explanation of"land right order transformation"with"land right order"to mean the stable,orderly land right behavior and conception under the land right system and its shaping in a given society.Land property is understood mainly in three connotation and value dimensions in a given society———political,economic and social(cultural),and in the conception that different land property rights correspond to different land property order.At present,China's rural areas are experiencing the transformation of the land property rights order from the political property to the economic property in land property rights order.This transformation brings about the coexistence and conflict of two kinds of property rights of rural land,which is the deep reason for the large-scale outbreak of land disputes in rural China.