区块链与可信数据管理:问题与方法

Research Problems and Methods in Blockchain and Trusted Data Management

作为支撑比特币实现无中心高可信的账本管理的技术,区块链在金融领域得到了广泛关注.区块链实现了不完全可信环境中的可信数据管理,具有去中心化、防篡改、不可抵赖、强一致和完整性等特性,但同时也存在高延迟和低吞吐率的性能问题.在互联网技术发展、新型应用层出不穷的大背景下,借鉴区块链在数字加密货币应用中的成功经验,探索可信数据管理的理论、技术,并设计、实现系统,是学术界所面临的重要问题.从可信数据管理角度,介绍了区块链相关的技术和研究进展,包括分布式共识、智能合约、数据溯源等,并分析了应用对可信数据管理所提出的需求和研究挑战.

As a supporting technology of Bitcoin for decentralized ledger management, blockchain has gain much attention in financial domain. Blockchain achieves trusted data management in not fully trusted computation environments. It has the advantage of decentralization, immutability, strong consistency and integrity, however, also suffers from poor performance with high latency and low throughput. With ever growing Internet technology and applications, the success of blockchain technology in cryptocurrency may shed light on the research of new trusted data management theories, technologies and systems. This paper introduces the blockchain related technologies, including distributed consensus, smart contract and data provenance, from the perspective of trusted data management. The requirements and research challenges of trusted data management are also analyzed.