临床护士共情疲劳的现状及其影响因素分析

The current status and influencing factors of compassion fatigue in clinical nurses

目的对临床护士的共情疲劳情况进行调查,并分析其影响因素,为预防护士倦怠、促进护士留职提供参考。方法采用一般资料调查表、救助人员生活质量量表、成人心理弹性及共情量表,对10所三级甲等医院的992名临床护士进行问卷调查,并分析临床护士共情疲劳的影响因素。结果临床护士中、高危水平的二次创伤、倦怠的发生率分别为71.1%、73.2%;心理弹性、工作负荷、共情等是二次创伤的影响因素;心理弹性、工作负荷、工作氛围等是共情满意的影响因素;共情、工作待遇满意度、近1个月内受到认可等是倦怠的影响因素;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床护士二次创伤、倦怠和共情满意的水平受共情、心理弹性水平及其他工作环境的影响,除工作负荷和工作待遇外,护理管理者还应意识到"受到认可"是影响护士倦怠的重要因素。

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of compassion fatigue in clinical nurses,and to provide theoretical references for prevention of nurse burnout and promotion of nurse retention. Methods Totally 992 clinical nurses from ten tertiary hospitals were enrolled through random cluster sampling to complete general information questionnaire,the Professional Quality of Life Scale （Pro-QOL-V）,the Resilience Scale for Adults（RSA） and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy.Health Professionals（JSE-HP）. Results The prevalence of moderate and high risk of secondary stress and burnout were 71.1%,73.2%,respectively;clinical nurses with work experience of 6 to 10 years presented the highest level of burnout（P〈O.01）;lower empathy and resilience,as well as adverse work environment were risk factors of compassion fatigue. Multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of nurse burnout were compassion satisfaction, secondary stress, resilience, workload, recognition, empathy,and payment,which explained 70.5% of the total variance. Conclusion Secondary stress,burnout and compassion satisfaction in clinical nurses are influenced by nurses＇ empathy,resilience and work environment,and nursing administrators should pay attention to receiving recognition as positive predictors of burnout,except tor workload and payment.