华夏文明早期海洋观探析——以“大禹治水”、“愚公移山”、“精卫填海”为研究对象

On the Early Ocean Concept of Chinese Civilization——Taking as An Object of Study “Dayu's Taming Water”, “The Old Foolish Man's Removing Mountain” and “Jingwei's Filling Sea”

中国古代地理思想体系中,大地是关注之核心,在"天圆地方"式的想象世界里,海洋处于传统地理思想文化的边缘地带,但并不代表其不存在。以"大禹治水"、"愚公移山"、"精卫填海"三则文献为对象进行比较探讨,并结合"四海"观念从模糊到逐渐清晰、与方位神相融合的过程,可发现华夏海洋观念虽未发展成为主流思想文化,但早期华夏民族曾试图对东部海洋进行一定的探索的史实。在华夏先民看来,海洋可容纳洪水、山石等物,海洋具有巨大而广泛的容纳性。体现了华夏民族海洋认识的缓慢进步。

In the ancient Chinese thinking system of geography, the earth is the core of attention. In the imaginary world of ＂round sky and square earth＂, the ocean lies on the edge zone based on the traditional way of thinking in terms of geography, but it does not mean its nonexistence. Taking as an object of study the three tales of ＂Dayu＇s Taming Water＂, ＂The Old Foolish Man＇s Removing Mountain＂ and ＂Jingwei＇s Filling Sea＂ for a comparative study and discussion as well as combining the conception of ＂the four seas＂ following the process from the dizziness to clarity and merging the orientation god, we have find that the Chinese ocean concept has not become a mainstream concept of marine culture, but it is the historical fact that the early Chinese nation did make a certain exploration of the eastern ocean. In the eyes of Chinese ancestors, the ocean can accommodate floods, rocks and other objects, whose huge and extensive inclusiveness reflects the gradual progress of the Chinese nation＇s understanding of the ocean.