中国古代史学历史叙事发展的新阶段——论纪事本末体史书的兴起及其意义

A New Stage of the Ancient Chinese Historical Narration:The Springing up of The Historical Style Presenting in Separate Accounts of Important Events and Its Value

自南宋袁枢《通鉴纪事本末》问世至清末的七百余年间,纪事本末体逐渐发展成为中国古代史书的主要体裁之一。与历史悠久的编年体史书、纪传体史书相比较,纪事本末体史书在历史叙事上具有"文省于纪传,事豁于编年"的优点,它是以事件为中心确立标目而展开的历史叙事,即章学诚说的"因事命篇"的历史叙事。纪事本末体史书的兴起,开启了中国古代史学历史叙事发展的新阶段,对南宋以下至近代史学的发展具有重要的意义。

From the Southern Song Dynasty when Yuan Shu＇s TONGJIAN JISHIBENMO（通鉴纪事本末） being published to the late Qing Dynasty,the style which presents in separate accounts of important events gradually became one of the most dominating historical writing styles in ancient China.Compared with the style which presents in a series of biographies and the annals,it has following advantages; its text is briefer than the historical style which presents in a series of biographies,but events recorded in it are clearer than those in annals. It focuses on the events,and as Zhang Xuecheng said,every chapter＇s titles accorded with the events need to be recorded. Its springing up marks a new stage of the ancient Chinese historical writings and is meaningful for the development of ancient Chinses historiography since the Southern Song Dynasty.