《左传》中之“人性说”析论

On the Theory of Human Nature in ZUOZHUAN

"人性"是先秦诸子关注的重要议题。《左传》对于时人的人性学说也有记载。分析《左传》中的人性说,可知,时人所言之"人性"有两种意涵:一种指人生而即有的自然人性,以欲望、情感等为主要内容;一种指人在天地间的理想属性。前一种人性,与礼有扦格之处;而后一种"人性"则与礼互为表里,无时不刻不顺从于礼。这两种人性说,均可在儒家人性论中找到端倪,一定程度上为儒家较为成熟的"人性论"的产生提供了条件。而《左传》中这两种人性说的产生,也说明人们对于礼的认识是促成人性论最终产生的重要因素。

The human nature was a key issue discussed by Pre-Qin philosophers. There are some records on it in ZUOZHUAN,implying two kinds of meaning; one is the inborn human nature,including the lust and feelings,and the other one is the ideal character of human in nature. The former one is contrary to Li（ rites） in some sense,while the latter one is obedient to Li all the time. The sources of the theory of human nature in ZUOZHUAN could be found in the Confucian theory of human nature,and the two kinds of theory are helpful for the emergence of more developed Confucian theory of human nature.The two kingds of theory of human nature in ZUOZHUAN both proved that Li was the most important factor contributed to the emergence of the theory of human nature.