极端气候下豫西地区靠崖窑的热响应特性研究

Thermal Responsive Characteristics of Cliff-side Cave Dwellings in West Area of He'nan under Extreme Climate Conditions

窑洞作为传统生土民居的主要形式之一,蕴含了丰富的气候响应策略。本文以豫西生土靠崖窑为研究对象,采用现场实测及理论分析方法对其在极端气候下的热响应性能进行定量研究。研究结果表明,靠崖式设计能有效地改善窑室内的热湿环境,夏季温度在23.2~28℃之间波动,冬季温度在11.3~12.8℃之间波动;但窑室内夏季的空气相对湿度较高,平均湿度为84.6%,加强自然通风是今后再生设计的主要方向。同时选取地上砖混建筑进行对比,对比结果表明,砖混建筑夏季室内平均温度比靠崖窑高出4.5℃,冬季约低9.6℃,其围护结构的热工性能指标远小于靠崖窑重质围护结构。所得到的生土建筑的热湿环境特性可为今后传统民居的模式改进及可持续建筑的发展提供理论依据。

As one of the main forms of traditional earth buildings,cave dwellings contain rich climate response strategy. Therefore,taking a cliff-side cave dwellings in the west area of He＇nan as the research object,thermal responsive performance under extreme climate conditions was analyzed by monitoring,field measurement and theoretical anaylsis. Results show that the cliff-type design can effectively improve thermal and humidity environment. The indoor air temperature fluctuated between 23. 2 ~ 28 ℃ in summer,and 11. 3 ~ 12. 8 ℃ in winter; However,the air relative humidity of cave dwelling is relatively high in summer,the average humidity is84. 6%. Enhancing natural ventilation is the main direction of regenerative design in future. Compared with the cliff-side cave dwelling,the average temperature of brick building is 4. 5 ℃ higher in summer,and 9. 6 ℃ lower in winter. Its surrounding structure＇s thermal performance index is much bigger than brick building. These results provide a theoretical basis for the model optimization of vernacular houses and the development of sustainable buildings.