产业水平空间集群的空间型态识别与分析——以中国19个主要产业为例

Identification and Analysis of Spatial Pattern on Horizontal Spatial Cluster of Industries: A Case Study of 19 Main Industries in China

产业空间集群是由"生产关系维度"和"空间关系维度"所组成的空间组织形式,前者强调空间集群内产业水平与垂直生产关系,后者包含产业的空间集中与空间集聚。本文采用中国19个主要产业的法人单位数和就业人数数据,分析基于水平生产关系的产业,在空间单元上是否具有集群现象以及属于何种集群型态,并以区位基尼指数(SGI指数)分析空间单元内的水平空间集中效果,以MI指数(Moran’I指数)分析空间单元间的水平空间集聚效果,以此共同识别产业水平空间集群。研究结果表明:近年来中国更多的法人单位向集中度低的省份迁移或新设,而就业人数在原本集中度高的省份更加集中。中小型厂商法人单位为主的产业多以水平空间集聚趋势为主,而大型厂商法人单位为主的产业多以水平空间集中趋势为主。同时,SGI指数可以反映产业水平空间集中效果,其与MI指数在识别产业水平空间集群型态时存在互补的关系。采矿业、制造业、居民服务与其它服务业、建筑业、卫生、社会保障和社会福利业在2010年和2014年中,均属于产业水平空间集群型态。

Industrial spatial cluster is a spatial organization form composed of two dimensions ＂productive relation＂ and ＂spatial relation＂. The former emphasizes the industrial horizontal and the vertical productive relations, the latter includes the spatial concentration and spatial agglomeration of the industries. In this paper, the analysis of industries based on the horizontal productive relations, whether there is a cluster phenomenon and which is the cluster form in the spatial unit, and with the spatial Gini index （SGI） to analyze the horizontal spatial concentration effect of the spatial units, the MI index （ Moran＇I index） to analyze the horizontal spatial agglomeration effect of spatial units, and then to jointly identify the industrial horizontal spatial clusters by the data of industry corporate units and employment of 19 major industries in China. The research results show that： in recent years, China＇s corporate units tend to relocate or build new firms on the low concentration of the provinces, and the number of employment in the original highconcentration of the provinces are more concentrated. In the small and medium sized firms, the industries are mainly based on the horizontal spatial agglomeration, while the large scale manufacturers are mainly based on the horizontal spatial concentration. Meanwhile, the SGI index can reflect the horizontal spatial concentration effect of industries, and the relationship between that and the MI index is complementary to identify the pattern of horizontal spatial cluster of industries. The mining, manufacturing, resident services and other services, construction, health, social security and social welfare industry in 2010 and 2014, all belong to the horizontal spatial cluster pattern of industries.