俄罗斯区域农业经济空间异质性研究

On Spatial Heterogeneity of Russian Agricultural Economy in Different Districts

俄罗斯地域辽阔,劳动力、土地、资本和物质投入等农业生产要素在各联邦区分布不均衡,农业生产要素禀赋、农业收入、农业总投入增长率、农业总产出增长率、农业全要素生产率增长率和农业生产格局均呈现出非常明显的区域空间异质性特征。实证研究结果表明,南部联邦区农业经济发展势头强劲,农业总投入、总产出和总收入的增长速度都是全俄最快的;伏尔加联邦区对俄罗斯农业经济增长贡献非常显著,是农业全要素生产率增长率最高的地区,也是农业收入最高的地区;中央联邦区是主要农业区之一,农业总投入增长率和农业全要素生产率增长率均位居全俄第二。俄罗斯各联邦区农业生产格局的空间异质性表现为:南部联邦区农作物生产优势显著,粮食作物、油料作物和蔬菜产量均位居榜首;中央联邦区畜产品具有明显优势,猪肉、禽肉和甜菜产量最高;伏尔加联邦区农作物和畜产品发展比较均衡,产量均位居前列,其中牛肉、蛋类和奶类产量是全俄最高的。西伯利亚联邦区农业经济发展虽然在全俄只处于中游水平,但具有很大的后续发展潜力。乌拉尔联邦区、西北联邦区和远东联邦区的各项农业经济指标都比较低,农业经济发展相对比较落后。

Russia has vast land area. Agricultural production factors such as labor, land, capital and material input are unevenly distributed in each federal region. Agricultural production factor endowment, agricultural income, total agricultural input growth rate, total agricultural output growth rate, agricultural total factor productivity growth rate and agricultural production pattern show very obvious heterogeneity characteristics in each federal region. The empirical results show that agricultural economic development momentum is strong in the Southern Federal District. The total input, total output in agriculture and total revenue growth rate of this district is the fastest of Russia. The Volga Federal District is very significant contribution to the economic growth of agriculture in Russia. agricultural total agricultural output growth rate is the highest in this region. The agricultural income of this region is the highest of Russia. The Central Federal District is one of the main agricultural areas. The total investment of agricultural growth and agricultural total agricultural output growth rate of this district ranked second in Russia. The spatial heterogeneity of the agricultural production pattern in the federal regions of Russia is characterized by the followings： The Southern Federal District has significant advantages in crop production. The yields of grain crops, vegetables, oilseeds are the highest in Russia. The Central Federal District has obvious advantages in animal products. The yields of pork, poultry and beet are the highest. The development of crops and livestock products in the Volga Federal District is balanced. Both the yields of crops and livestock products are at the forefront in Russia. The yields of beef, eggs and milk of this district are the highest in Russia. Although the development of agricultural economy in the Siberia Federal Region is only the middle level of Russia, it has great potential for subsequent development. The agricultural economic indicators of the Ural Federal District, the Northwest Federal Region and the Far East Federal Region are relatively low, and the agricultural economic development is relatively backward.