预备行为实行化的正当性根据——以准备实施恐怖活动罪为契点

The Justification of the Criminalization of Crime in Preparation——From the Perspective of the Crime of Preparing for Terrorist Acts

我国刑法总则第22条确立的预备犯普遍处罚原则不论行为对法益的抽象危险程度对预备行为均采取"一刀切"的态度,具有明显不合理性。而预备行为实行化则进行相应筛选使具有处罚必要性的预备行为独立成罪,其以二元的结果无价值不法论为根基,不仅是对风险社会预防型刑法的回应,亦是对法律拟制技术的贯通,对刑法打击犯罪起到重要作用,但同时预备行为实行化也存在突破刑法谦抑性的法治风险。本文以准备实施恐怖活动罪为契点,在肯定其合理性的基础上,对该罪的特殊问题进行合理解释,以避免司法实践中可能踏入的误区。

Article 22 of Criminal Law of PRC establishes the legislative model of common punishment of crime in preparation, which is obviously unreasonable. The criminalization of crime in preparation makes crimes in preparation that evidently damage legal interests be independent crimes. It＇s based on the theory of dual consequence without value, which is not only a response to the preventive criminal law in the risky society, but also the use of legal fiction technology. On the one hand, it helps to fight crime and on the other hand, it has the risk of violating the modesty of criminal law. Beginning with the crime of preparing for terrorist acts, the paper will analyze the rationality of the criminalization of crime in preparation and give explanation to special questions in case of the misunderstanding in practice