上海市宝山区5岁及以下儿童家长对肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗接种意愿调查

Investigation on enterovirus 71 vaccine immunization willingness of parents with children aged < 5 years in Baoshan district,Shanghai

目的了解上海市宝山区≤5岁儿童家长对肠道病毒71型(EV71)灭活疫苗认知情况及接种意愿,为EV71灭活疫苗接种策略和科学防控提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,于2017年1月在上海市宝山区6个街道(镇)选取600名儿童家长,采用自行设计问卷,面对面开展EV71灭活疫苗接种意愿调查。结果共回收597份有效问卷,有效率99.50%。34名儿童在过去1年中患过手足口病,患病率为5.70%,重复感染率为8.82%。调查对象中有62.31%听说过EV71灭活疫苗,获取EV71灭活疫苗信息的要途径是网络(55.11%)、电视/广播(47.85%)、亲戚朋友告知(45.97%)、医生告知(28.49%)和报纸/书刊/杂志(18.01%)。有71.02%的家长愿意为孩子接种EV71灭活疫苗,儿童年龄是EV71灭活疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。家长不愿意接种的主要原因包括担心疫苗安全性和不良反应(38.24%)、不清楚疫苗保护效果(31.96%)、认为孩子不会患手足口病不需要接种(16.88%)、疫苗需要费用(9.52%)。结论家长对EV71灭活疫苗的知晓水平一般,在推广EV71灭活疫苗时,需加强疫苗安全、效果等方面知识宣传,提高疫苗接种率。

Objective To understand the awareness of enterovirus（ EV） 71 vaccine and vaccination willing of the parents with children aged 5 years in Baoshan district of Shanghai,and provide basis for the development of EV71 vaccine immunization strategy as well as prevention and control of hand foot and mouth disease（ HFMD）. Methods A survey with self-designed questionnaire was performed among 600 parents selected through stratified random sampling from 6 urban and rural communities in Baoshan in January 2017. Results A total of 597 valid questionnaires were collected（ 99. 50%）. In the previous year,34 children were attacked by HFMD. the attack rate was 5. 70%,the re-infection rate was 8. 82%.Investigation indicated that 62. 31% of the parents had heard of EV71 vaccine,the information about EV71 vaccine were mainly obtained from Internet（ 55. 11%）,TV/radio（ 47. 85%）,colleagues,relatives and friends（ 45. 97%）,doctors（ 28. 49%）,newspapers/books/magazines（ 18. 01%）. Up to 71. 02% of the parents expressed their willingness to have their children to be vaccinated against HFMD. Factors influencing vaccination willingness were the age of children. The reasons for rejecting vaccination included the worry about vaccine safety（ 38. 24%）,lack of vaccine protection effect information（ 31. 96%）,belief of their children being not affected by HFMD（ 16. 88%）,and the non-free vaccine（ 9. 52%）.Conclusion The awareness rate EV71 vaccine was not high in the parents with children aged 5 years in Baoshan,It is necessary to strengthen the health education about the safety and effect of EV71 vaccine in order to improve vaccination rate