延迟退休对中国劳动力市场的影响及应对之策

Research on the Impact of Delayed Retirement on China's Labor Market and Countermeasures

随着中国老龄化社会的到来以及人口预期寿命越来越长,中国与其他发达国家一样,面临着延迟退休的选择。从短期来看,延迟退休对待业者尤其是年轻劳动力会产生挤占效应,对老年劳动者产生不利影响,并且可能会使退而不休问题更加突出。但从长期来看,延迟退休可以缓解劳动力供给困境,有助于促进人力资本的积累。当前社会各界对于延迟退休意见并不统一,主要是围绕着延迟退休对劳动力市场的影响是否有利,是否会加剧当前劳动者就业难局面。但当延迟退休已是不可避免的全球趋势时,应该放下争论,通过加强就业引导、转变劳动者培养思路、加快相关劳动政策的修订等几个方面的措施,确保在延迟退休政策下,对现有劳动力市场冲击再小一些,劳动力市场发展更顺利一些,从而不断促进中国劳动力市场的健康可持续发展。

With the arrival of China＇s aging society and the longer life expectancy of the population,China,like other developed countries,faces the choice of delayed retirement.In the short term,the delayed retirement to treat the industry especially the young labor force will produce a crowding out effect,have an adverse impact on the elderly and retired workers,may make the problem more prominent.But in the long run,delayed retirement can ease the plight of labor supply,and help people to promote the accumulation of human capital.At present,all walks of life and workers are reluctant to delay retirement,mainly around the impact of delayed retirement on the labor market,whether it will exacerbate the current situation of difficult employment of workers.But when the delayed retirement has become a global trend inevitably,we should lay down their argument,by strengthening the employment guidance,change the labor training ideas,several aspects of the relevant labor policies to accelerate the revision of the measures to ensure the delayed retirement policy,the existing labor market impact smaller,the labor market development more smoothly,so as to continuously to promote China＇s sustainable and healthy development of labor market.