细菌sRNA的结构和作用机制及生物学功能

The structure, regulatory mechanism and biological function of the bacterial small RNA

细菌非编码小RNA（sRNA）是一类长度约为50～500个核苷酸,在细菌基因组中被转录但不翻译为蛋白质的RNA分子.sRNA开始于一段能折叠成稳定茎环结构的序列,终止于不依赖Rho的转录终止子.sRNA活力主要受控于其胞内的水平.sRNA通过感应外界环境条件变化,参与转录后基因的表达调控,影响和调节细菌的多种生理功能,包括物质代谢、群体感应、生物膜形成、外膜蛋白形成、质粒复制、致病力、耐药性和应激反应等.本文从细菌sRNA的概念、结构特征、分类、作用机制、作用特点及生物学功能等方面进行阐述.

 Non-coding small RNA in bacteria is usually not translated and comprise a size range between 50 and 500 nucleotides.With the development of high-density tiling arrays and RNA deep sequencing,studies of non-coding small RNAs attracts more and more attention,and meanwhile it is evident that non-coding small RNAs play a crucial role in many biological processes such as environmental sensing and stress adaptation, virulence and infectivity of intracellular bacteria, as well as development and metabolism.This article expound non-coding small RNA from following aspects：the concept and structure, the characteristics and the classification,its regulatory mechanism and its effect on the biology of bacteria, thus providing a more comprehensive and clear understanding.