不同种植方式对大豆产量及农艺性状的影响

Effect of Different Planting Patterns on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Soybean

为解决黄淮海地区存在传统"贴茬"的播种习惯和缺乏专用大豆播种机械的困难,所造成的产量低、田间管理难等问题,探讨了黄淮海地区大豆最佳种植方式。在河南省周口市农科院试验地,采用两因素裂区设计,3次重复,对4个品种‘周豆21’、‘周豆22’、‘周豆23’、‘中黄13’在同一密度、5种行距配置方式(ABCDE)下产量及农艺性状的数量差异进行比较研究。结果表明:‘周豆21’、‘周豆22’和‘周豆23’均在C处理时产量最高分别为4172.40、3823.65、4088.25 kg/hm2;对于4个品种,ABCD各处理与E处理之间产量差异均达到显著性水平,C与E两处理产量差异达到极显著性水平。4个品种在宽行0.4 m、窄行0.2 m种植方式(C处理)时分枝荚数、总荚数、百粒重各项指标为最优。因此,‘周豆21’、‘周豆22’、‘周豆23’3个品种在密度为18.75万株/hm2下,宽行0.4 m、窄行0.2 m的种植方式更能发挥群体优势,可获得较高经济效益。

To solve the problem of low yield and difficult field management under the traditional＂sowing with stubble＂pattern and the lack of special soybean sowing machinery in the Huang-Huai-Hai area and study theoptimum planting pattern of soybean,‘Zhoudou 21＇,‘Zhoudou 22＇,‘Zhoudou 23＇and‘Zhonghuang 13＇were planted in the experimental field of Agricultural Sciences Academy of Zhoukou City, Henan Province.The quantity variances of agronomic traits and yield were compared among five treatments（ABCDE） ofdifferent row spacing in the same density, two-factor split-plot design and three replicates were conducted.The results showed that the highest yield of‘Zhoudou 21＇,‘Zhoudou 22＇and‘Zhoudou 23＇was 4172.40,3823.65 and 4088.25 kg/hm^2, respectively, under treatment C. For the four cultivars, the difference of yieldreached a significant level between each treatment of ABCD and E, and the difference was very significantbetween treatment C and E. The number of pods, total pods and 100-grain weight were the best among the four cultivars of 0.2 m narrow row and 0.4 m wide row（C treatment）. Therefore, the three cultivars of‘Zhoudou 21＇,‘Zhoudou 22＇and‘Zhoudou 23＇could have the advantages of population and high economic benefits with 0.2 m narrow row and 0.4 m wide row under the density of 187500 plants/hm2.