豇豆种质资源农艺性状的相关性、主成分及聚类分析

Agronomic Characters of Cowpea Germplasm Resources: Correlation,Principal Component and Cluster Analysis

为给豇豆育种中品种资源的合理利用提供依据,对41份豇豆品种资源15项主要农艺性状进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,枯萎病发生程度的变异系数最大,与豇豆产量关系密切的单荚重和单株嫩荚数2个农艺性状,与株型、嫩荚长、单株花序数和单荚种子粒数都呈现显著正相关,单株嫩荚数与开花期、叶宽和单株分枝数呈现显著负相关。15个主要农艺性状可以归纳为5个主成分,第1主成分包括株型、初花节位、嫩荚长、单荚重、单荚种子粒数、单株花序数、单株嫩荚数和单株分枝数;第2主成分包括开花期、叶长和叶宽;第3主成分包括种皮颜色和嫩荚宽;第4主成分包括嫩荚颜色;第5主成分包括枯萎病发生程度。41份豇豆种质资源在遗传距离为25处分为2大类,在遗传距离为15处分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,其中第Ⅰ类的品种优势明显,具有较好的应用前景。

To provide a theoretical guidance for cowpea germplasm resources application, correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted based on 15 agronomic characters of 41 cowpea germplasm resources. The results showed that the variation coefficient of fusarium wilt was the highest.The two agronomic characters closely related to yield in cowpea were single-pod weight and the number of tender pods per plant, and they were significantly and positively correlated with plant type, tender pod length,the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of single pod seed. There were significantly negative correlations between the number of tender pods per plant and flowering stage, leaf width and the number of branches per plant. 15 major agronomic characters could be defined as 5 principal components. The first principal component included plant type, first flowering node, tender pod length, single pod weight, the number of single pod seed, the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of tender pods per plant and thenumber of branches per plant; the second principal component included flowering stage, leaf length and leaf width; the third principal component included the tender pod width and testa color; the fourth principal component included the tender pod color; the fifth principal component included the degree of fusarium wilt.The 41 cowpea germplasm resources were classified into 2 groups with genetic distance of 25. They were classified to 3 groups with genetic distance of 15, and the first group of varieties had obvious superiority and a wide application prospect.