气象信息员在农村防灾减灾中所发挥作用的研究

The Role of Meteorological Information Volunteers in Rural Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Disasters

气象信息员作为农村基础防灾减灾的重要力量,是农村防灾减灾基础单元建设的重要环节,也是改变气象灾害防御中的强政府、弱社会局面的重要手段。通过采用问卷调查的方式,评估了气象信息员在基层防灾减灾中发挥的预警信息传播、气象灾情收集、气象需求反馈、组织群众避灾、科学普及宣传及防灾减灾意识这6个方面的作用。调查表明:气象信息员在预警信息传播环节发挥作用最大,其次是科普宣传和信息反馈,再次是组织群众避灾方面,但其在灾害防御方面能力明显不足。因此,要通过加强气象信息员队伍建设,探索建立气象信息员服务认证制度,加大气象信息员灾害防御技能培训等一系列措施,从而提高农村基础单元灾害防御能力。

Meteorological information volunteers play an important role in the rural natural disasters＇ prevention and mitigation, and can share the responsibility of protecting life and property with the government.This paper evaluated six roles of meteorological information volunteers to play in rural preventing and mitigating of natural disasters, which included disseminating weather disaster warning information, finding disaster impact, collecting local meteorological need, organizing hedging, popularizing the meteorological knowledge and disaster prevention and mitigation consciousness. The survey showed that warning dissemination took the first place, and hedging organization and knowledge popularization ranked the second.However, the volunteers＇ capability of preventing disaster was poor. Therefore, it is necessary to make thevolunteer group stable, to cultivate volunteers＇ prevention disaster consciousness and to improve volunteers＇ disaster prevention capability by multi-government department cooperation. Meanwhile, it is also necessary toset up the certification system of the services of the meteorological information volunteers to motivate their initiatives. These measures could improve the ability of natural disaster prevention and mitigation in rural areas.