我国三级甲等中医医院中医专科特色护理技术临床应用现状调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of clinical application of TCM nursing therapies in TCM hospitals in China

目的 调查全国中医医院中医专科特色护理技术的临床应用现状及实施过程中存在的问题,探讨促进其临床开展工作的对策.方法 采用描述性研究方法,自行设计问卷对全国148家三级甲等中医医院218名护理人员进行调查分析.结果 25项中医专科特色护理技术在临床均已开展,其中开展耳穴压豆的科室最多,占83.5%（182/218）,开展蜡疗的科室最少,仅为7.8%（17/218）;各项技术在各科室的开展情况差别较大,开展次数为0~860次/周,排在前3位的分别是贴药、中药热奄包、耳穴压豆.失眠、头痛、水肿、痹症、感冒、胃脘痛、胁痛、发热等被认为是不同系病中最常应用中医专科特色护理技术的病症.中医护理专业人才缺乏,护士编制不够、人员紧缺,未能掌握中医基础理论知识和技术操作不到位是目前实施过程中存在的主要问题.结论 科学合理配置护理人力资源,加强人才建设和培养,增强护士的中医护理认识和实施意识,制定合理的收费结构,加强护理风险防范管理,将有助于促进中医专科特色护理技术工作的开展.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of TCM nursing therapies and identify the problems during the therapy implementation, in order to explore the countermeasures to promote its clinical improvement. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted,and a self-designed questionnaire was employed to investigate 218 nurses from 148 grade A class three TCM hospitals in China. Results 25 TCM nursing therapies were implemented in these hospitals. Ear acupressure therapy was the most frequently implemented,accounting for 83.5%（182/218）;while wax therapy was the least implemented, accounting for 7.8%（17/218）. The implementation frequency of these technologies varied significantly, 0~860 times a week. The top three of them were acupoint application therapy, hot compression of Chinese medicine and ear acupoints therapy.TCM nursing therapies were considered to be the most frequently used in insomnia, headache, edema, arthralgia, cold, epigastric pain, hypochondriac pain and fever.Storage of TCM nurses,lacking of TCM knowledge and inapposite therapy implementation were the main problems in the application. Conclusions Scientific and rational allocation of human resources, cultivation of the TCM-specific nursing professional, enhancement of nurses＇awareness of Chinese medicine, establishment of a reasonable charging standard, and strengthening the risk management in implementation will promote its clinical development.