边民回归与生计变迁——基于对西藏察隅西托拉卡村的田野调查

The Return of the Frontier People and Livelihood Change: Based on a Fieldwork at the Village of Xituo Laka in the Chayu,Tibet

边民回归是我国边疆地区人口流动中的一个常见现象。边民回归不仅仅是简单的物理空间的转换过程,更重要的是物理空间之上的政治场域,以及社会文化的变化。这样的变化随着时间的推移必然会引起回归边民的文化变迁。西托拉卡的边民回归后发生了深刻的生计变迁,这是自然环境变化、文化接触,以及政治制度变化等综合影响的结果。这其中现代化和市场化两大趋势是引发这一变化的最深刻的因素。未来,西托拉卡回归边民也将更加主动地参与到市场竞争中去。

The return of the frontier people is a common phenomenon in the population movement in the border area of China. The return of the frontier people is not only a simple physical space conversion process,but also the change of the political field above it,as well as the social culture. Such changes will inevitably bring back the cultural changes of the returned frontier people over time. The returned frontier people of Xituo Laka have experienced a profound change of livelihood,which is the result of the change of natural environment,cultural contact and political system change. The two major trends of modernization and marketization are the most profound factors that have caused this change. In the future,the returned frontier people of Xituo Laka will also be more active in the market competition.