酒精罐区的火灾爆炸事故树分析及预防措施

On the fault tree analysis and preventive measures against fire and explosion in alcohol storage tank

酒精储罐储存有易燃易爆的酒精,如果发生火灾爆炸事故,就会带来重大的人员伤亡和财产损失。先对酒精储罐区火灾爆炸的条件进行综合分析,再运用事故树分析法采用自上而下的方式对导致酒精储罐区发生火灾爆炸的原因进行分析,建立出酒精储罐火灾爆炸事故树模型;然后计算事故树最小径集和结构重要度,确定事故树中各类事件的重要程度及各类事件间的关系,发现造成酒精罐区火灾爆炸的主要原因是酒精浓度达到了可燃浓度和爆炸极限。提出了针对性预防措施,以确保酒精储罐区人员和设备的安全。

This paper is inclined to explore and examine the safety problem of the storage tanks of alcohol in a form of a fault tree analysis method.For this purpose,we would first of all like to make a comprehensive analysis of the fire and explosion conditions with the alcohol storage tanks through a discussion of the fire and explosion conditions mainly from the following three aspects,that is,those with the human controllers,the tanks themselves and the surrounding environment.Secondly,the said fault tree can be used to analyze the fire and explosion conditions of the alcohol storage tank from the top to the bottom in every way.For example,it is supposed that,if the fire and explosion took place at the top of the tank,there ought to have been existing a variety of factors that may lead to the fire and explosion of the storage tanks as the primary elements for the fault tree,which may account for the need to establish the said fault tree model.And,thirdly,it is of structural importance to calculate the minimum path set of the success tree of the basic events by using the causal duality of the accident tree to identify and determine the basic events and the relationship among the events that took place in the fault tree sequence.Thus,it would be possible to find why and how for the alcohol in storage to reach the flammability concentration degree and the explosion extent.And,finally,by setting the gas concentration detection device,it is absolutely necessary to control strictly the ignition source,strengthen the safety culture education and take other corresponding measures to ensure the safety of the alcohol storage tank from the point of view both of man and equipment.Therefore,the results of this study can help to provide us with some essential knowledge and reference to improve the fire safety and heighten the explosion-proof awareness of the storage tank workers.And so,the given evaluation results can be expected to produce somewhat positive reference to the safety decision-making and eliminating potential hazardous risks in dealing with such storage tanks.