纳米碳管在有机分子混合体系中的分散机制研究进展

Research progress review on the dispersion mechanism of carbon nanotubes in the mixed organic molecule system

纳米碳管(CNTs)的分散和聚合性能是影响其环境行为的重要因素。综述了单一和二元有机分子体系对CNTs分散机制的影响,单一有机分子体系中CNTs受分散剂性质影响。分散机制以静电排斥机制、空间位阻机制和胶束溶解机制为主;在二元有机分子混合体系中,CNTs的分散状况受二元有机分子的性质、种类及混合分子加入顺序多种因素的共同影响。在有机分子混合体系中,CNTs的分散能力并非单一有机分子作用下分散能力的简单加和,混合体系单一组分功能与整体性功能之间的差异不能被忽略。强调应对有机分子混合体系中各组分间的复合分散作用给予更多关注。提出通过对有机分子混合体系组分、结构多样性的宏观统计学描述,建立有机分子混合体系组分、结构多样性与其分散CNTs之间的关联,可能成为认识CNTs环境分散行为的新思路。

This paper intends to make a general review of the effects of the single and binary organic molecular systems on the dispersion mechanism of CNTs. As is well known,with the ever increasing production and application,it has become inevitable to release large amounts of carbon nanotubes（ CNTs） into the environment,so that their environmental behavior and ecological risk have turned up to be of a common great concern. Since the dispersion and polymerization of CNTs turns to be the important factors influencing the environmental safety,it has been reported that the natural organic molecule mixtures tend to be serious dispersing agents for CNTs. For example,in the current status-in-situ environment,the effects of the single and binary organic molecular systems on the dispersion mechanism of CNTs have become omnipresent phenomenon,whereas the natural organic molecule mixtures,CNTs,are bound to be severely dispersed by the natural organic molecule mixtures,and will,in turn,affect the fate of the future transportation and bring about severe health and environmental risks both to the CNTs and any other associated organic pollutants. The facts of the research in this way indicate that the natural organic molecule mixtures contain thousands and even millions of kinds of chemical poisonous compounds,including the single organic molecule system and the dispersant of CNTs influenced by the organic molecule system. It has also been reported that the prime dispersion mechanisms of CNTs may also include the electrostatic repulsion,the steric hindrance and the micellar coating compounds, belonging to the binary organic chemicals. In addition,the dispersion of CNTs can also be influenced by the multiple factors,with the property,type and addition sequence of binary organic molecules included. Furthermore,we have also investigated and examined the competitive and complementary adsorption of the said two organic chemicals with the different properties on CNTs and their combined dispersion mechanism in detail,which is actually not of simple addition from the dispersal ability of the single system. Therefore,it should neverneglect the dispersion difference between the single function and the overall function of the organic molecules,for the structures,components,and the properties of the different natural organic mixtures are by nature greatly various and diversified. It is just for the reason that the organic molecule system is complicated in nature that has made it a serious problem on how to describe the heterogeneous properties of the natural organic molecule mixtures.And,so is the problem on how to comprehend the difference of CNTs dispersion between the natural organic molecule mixtures and the sole dispersion agent system. It is just because of such ambiguity that may lead to the great uncertainty for predicting the dispersion and transportation risks of CNTs. Therefore,it would be necessary to pay great attention to the study of the integrated dispersion mechanism of CNTs among the different components,and,in turn,it is expected to establish the relationship between the constituent diversity of the natural organic molecule mixtures and the dispersion of CNTs so as to deepen our insight into the environmental dispersion behaviors of CNTs.