临近空间慢速飞行器载荷概述

Overview of Near Space Slow Vehicle Loads

随着经济需求与军事需求的牵引和科学技术的进步,临近空间慢速飞行器因其良好的驻留能力和适用于对地观测、通信、打击的大视野和驻留高度,受到广泛关注。文章结合临近空间平流层不受云、雨、雪、雾干扰的气象特点和距离地表高度20~100 km之间的高度特征,分析了临近空间慢速飞行器在有效工作时间、成本、设备工作效果相对于卫星和飞机的优势,以及临近空间慢速飞行器的在飞行速度和飞行高度上的参数约束和目前临近空间慢速飞行器的具体分类。根据临近空间慢速飞行器的负载能力和运动特性对比当前卫星和飞机上实际应用有效载荷种类和有效载荷性能需求,对临近空间慢速飞行器有效载荷进行了讨论。文章着重论证了合成孔径雷达(SAR)有效载荷、可见光有效载荷、红外有效载荷、通信中继有效载荷、武器有效载荷在临近空间慢速飞行器上的可行性和应用优势,分析了临近空间慢速飞行器有效载荷的发展趋势,为临近空间慢速飞行器有效载荷的发展和有效载荷的应用选择提供了参考。

With the traction of economic and military needs and the progress of science and technology, the near space slow vehicle are pasd extensive attention due to its excellent resident ability and the advantages of ground observation, communication, and strike. This paper analyzed the advantages in the effective working time, cost and equipment work effect of the near space slow vehicle relative to the satellite and the space shuttle according to combining with the stratosphere near space without clouds, rain, snow, fog interference meteorological characteristics and the height between 20 km-100 km from the surface. The near space slow aero craft constraint and near space slow vehicle categories are discussed, according to the payload types and payload performance requirements and motion characteristics of the near space slow vehicle, the load of the near space slow vehicle is demonstrated by comparing the actual application of the current aircraft and satellite loads. This paper focused on feasibility and advantages of the SAR radar, infrared, visible light loading, communication relay loading, weapons on near space slow vehicle, analyzed the development trend of the near space slow spacecraft payload, provided references for the near space slow spacecraft payload and application selection of payload application in near space slow vehicle.