简易运血箱减震技术的研究

Vibration resistance of conventional blood transportation kits

目的研制增强抗震性能的简易运血箱,减轻血液运输过程中振动造成的溶血。方法首先筛选出减震材料,然后对简易运血箱结构进行改进:箱体内部增加悬挂支架作为次级包装结构;各悬挂支架之间以及与箱体之间填加内隔冲支架。简易运血箱装入13袋少白细胞悬浮红细胞,减震运血箱装入24袋少白细胞悬浮红细胞(均为采血后8 d内,2.0 U/袋),进行储运血振动实验对比,观察振动前、振动2、4、6、10、12 min等6个时间点的游离血红蛋白(FHb)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血钾和溶血率变化等指标,以检验其减震效果。结果筛选出橡塑材料作为减震运血箱内减震材料,双膜悬挂支架作为次级包装结构。简易运血箱组振动4和6 min后,FHb[(1559.7±1038.5)和(1886.2±1023.8)mg/L]、LDH[(135.3±67.7)和(195.7±123.6)U/L]以及溶血率[(0.35±0.34)%和(0.42±0.38)%]均显著高于减震运血箱组。两种运血箱组K+浓度变化不显著,且在振动前、振动4和6 min后,两组间均无显著差异。简易运血箱组振动4和6 min后,FHb超标,而减震运血箱振动12 min后,FHb[(560.1±342.3)mg/L]仍在正常范围内。两组无菌实验结果均表明无细菌生长。结论该研究中的减震运血箱具有较好的减震效果,可用于保障血站完成恶劣路况下的血液运输任务,显著提高血液应急储运及保障能力。

Objective To improve vibration resistance of conventional blood transportation kits and mitigate hemolysis during transportation.Methods The structure of a blood transportation kit was modified.We installed a suspension brackets within the kit,added buffer material between the brackets,and tested the vibration-suppressing effect compared with the conventional blood transportation kit.Results Rubber and plastic materials between brackets were added,and double membrane suspension brackets were installed.After 4 and 6 min of vibration,free hemoglobin（FHb） [（1559.7 ± 1038.5）and（1886.2 ± 1023.8） mg/L],lactic dehydrogenase levels[（135.3 ± 67.7） and（195.7 ± 123.6） U/L]and hemolysis rate [（0.35 ± 0.34） % and（0.42 ± 0.38） %] in the conventional transportation kit were significantly higher than in the vibration-suppressing kit.K＋did not change significantly,and was comparable in both groups at each time point.After 4 and 6 min of vibration,FHb in the conventional transportation kit exceeded the standard.However,after 12 min of vibration,FHb [（560.1 ± 342.3） mg/L] in the vibration-suppressing kit were within the standard range.No bacterial growth was detected in either group.Conclusion The vibration-suppressing kit under research shows a better1986 vibration-suppressing effect,which could improve blood support capability in case of emergency.