中国网民的民族主义及其影响因素:一个媒介使用的视角

Chinese Netizen's Nationalism and Influential Factors:From the Perspective of Media Use

近些年来,中国网民在网络空间发起的民族主义行动,不仅对中国政府的外交政策产生了影响,更为西方国家制造"中国威胁论"提供注脚。民族主义作为一种"共同体意识",与媒介的传播活动有密不可分的联系。本文利用中国社会综合调查(CGSS)提供的"网民社会意识调查"数据,以媒介使用的视角,探讨了民族主义与网民的媒介使用行为之间的关联。研究发现,官方媒体的使用频次负向预测网民的民族主义,可见官方媒体并非政府宣传和鼓动民族主义情绪的工具;民族主义者对以互联网为代表的非官方媒体的频繁接触与高度信任,使得互联网成为民族主义得以勃兴和演化的新场域;民族主义者对政治类新闻的高度关注,表明他们是主动获取信息的"知情的民族主义者",而非西方国家所认为的"愚氓"。互联网时代的民族主义及其展现的复杂性,不仅挑战了国内外学术界对民族主义者的既有成见,更为官方媒体疏导和化解民族主义提出了新挑战。

Chinese netizen＇s nationalism protest actions have had impact on China＇s diplomatic policies and provided explanations for western countries on ＂China Threat＂. As a kind of community consciousness, nationalism has a close relationship with media communication. In this paper, ＂Netizen＇s Online Social Consciousness＂ data from CGSS（Chines General Social Survey） was analyzed to explore the relationship between nationalism and media use behaviors of the netizen from the perspective of media use. It was found that nationalism is negatively correlated with netizen＇s official media use frequencies, so we can conclude that official media are not the instruments the government used to advertise nationalism. Nationalists use unofficial media frequently and have a highly trust in them, which lead to the boom and evolution of nationalism in cyberspace. It was also found that nationalists pay more attention to political news and they seek political information frequently through the Internet, which means that they are not fools as westerner regarded as but ＂informed nationalists＂. Nationalism and its complexity in the Internet era has not only challenged the stereotypes from domestic and foreign academic circles, but also proposed new challenges for official media to guide and relieve it.