高通量基因型分型技术及其在水稻中的应用

High-throughput Genotyping Techniques and Their Applications in Rice

作物种质资源遗传基础的深入认识与高效利用,对于品种改良和粮食安全具有重要意义。传统系谱考察的方法对指导育种实践发挥了重要作用,随着分子生物学的发展,基因组学和高通量SNP分子标记等基因型分型方法可以更便捷地对种质资源进行鉴定。就基因型分型的主要方法进行了总结,重点论述了以SNP为核心的下一代高通量测序(NGS)分型方法、竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP)和SNP芯片系统,以及当前主流的SNP分析工具和数据库。同时,介绍了高通量SNP分型技术在水稻研究中的进展,并就分型技术在作物育种等领域的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。

Deep understanding and efficient utilization of genetic basis of crop germplasm resources is of great importance for crop cultivar improvement and food safety. The traditional methods based on pedigree played a vital role in breeding practice. With the rapid development of molecular biology,genotyping methods based on genomics and high-throughput SNP markers have been developed and may efficiently identify the germplasm resources. This article reviews the main genotyping methods,focusing on the methods based on single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）marker such as the next-generation sequencing（NGS）,competitive allele-specific PCR（KASP）,and SNP chip as well as the popular SNP analysis tools and databases. Furthermore,this article introduces the progresses of high-throughput SNP genotyping techniques in studying rice,and prospects the application and developmental trends of genotyping techniques in the fields such as crop breeding and so on.