居室内PM_(2.5)污染特征及影响因素研究

Indoor PM_(2.5) pollution and influencing factors in residence

目的探讨居室内PM_(2.5)污染特征及其影响因素。方法于2015年4—5月,选取北京城区和郊区24户住宅,对室内和室外空气中PM_(2.5)进行检测和数据采集,并对居室特征及人员时间活动情况进行问卷调查。结果室内外PM_(2.5)浓度日均值分别为(75.5±59.4)、(68.7±59.0)μg/m^3,二者呈正相关(P<0.05)。室内PM_(2.5)浓度与室内外温差、室外风速呈负相关(P<0.05),与室外相对湿度呈正相关(P<0.05)。不同厨房类型、窗户类型、楼层、朝向的居室PM2.5浓度的室内/室外比值(I/O值)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),开放式厨房、推拉窗、低楼层、东西朝向的居室PM_(2.5)的I/O值更高。静坐、走动、运动、炒(炸)、炖(熬)、手动打扫时段的I/O值均高于睡觉时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);无人、吸烟、蒸(焖)、机械打扫时段的I/O值与睡觉时段无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论检测时间内室内外PM_(2.5)污染严重,室外环境及气象条件、居室特征、室内人员活动均可能影响室内PM2.5浓度。

Objective To explore indoor PM_（2.5） concentration characteristics in residential buildings and the influencing factors in Beijing. Methods Indoor and outdoor PM_（2.5） concentrations in 24 households located in Beijing urban and suburban areas were measured and collected in April-May, 2015, and the building and household characteristic, the time activity pattern were investigated by questionnaire survey. Results The daily average PM_（2.5） concentrations indoors and outdoors were（75.5 ±59.4）μg/m^3 and（68.7±59.0）μg/m^3, respectively. Indoor and outdoor PM_（2.5） concentration presented a significant positive correlation（P 0.05）. Indoor and outdoor temperature difference and outdoor wind speed were negatively correlated with indoor PM_（2.5） concentration（P〈0.05）; Outdoor relative humidity was positively correlated with indoor PM_（2.5）（P〈0.05）. Significant difference in I/O ratio was seen in window type, kitchen type, floor, house orientation（ P〈0.05）. The difference of PM_（2.5） I/O ratio between indoor activity,including sitting, walking, exercise, manual cleaning, fried（deep fried） and stewing（boil） time and sleep time,was statistically significant（P 0.05）. Conclusion Indoor and outdoor PM_（2.5） concentrations are at a higher level during the investigaton. Outdoor air pollution, meteorological conditions, house characteristic and indoor human activities may have effect on indoor PM_（2.5） level.