2016年内蒙春季特大沙尘期成人PM10暴露水平研究

Exposure levels of PM_(10) in adults during serious sandstormin in Inner Mongolia in spring, 2016

目的研究内蒙二连浩特市春季沙尘天气成人PM_(10)的个体综合暴露水平。方法 2016年3月初特大沙尘暴发生前,随机抽样选取该区成人300名,对其进行微环境-时间活动模式(micro-environmental and time activity patterns,METAP)调研,沙尘暴发生期采用细颗粒物监测仪对成人活动微环境进行PM_(10)监测。对人群暴露方式及参数进行统计分析,并利用METAP法计算成人PM_(10)综合暴露水平。结果室内办公人员步行或骑车不戴口罩者的暴露水平(419.76μg/m^3)明显高于戴口罩(182.14μg/m^3)和乘车者(236.39μg/m^3)。牧民步行或骑车不戴口罩者的暴露量(1 590.66μg/m^3)是戴口罩者暴露量(323.34μg/m^3)的4倍以上。直接采用环境浓度计算人群平均暴露水平为4 472.88μg/m^3,分别是METAP法得到的牧民与室内办公人员暴露量的2.81、10.66倍。结论特大沙尘时成人PM_(10)的暴露风险主要来源于室外,其中交通方式为步行、骑车且未作任何防护者的风险尤为严重。与直接环境浓度暴露估算法相比,METAP法估算得到的成人PM_(10)暴露量更低且更准确。

Objective To know the integrated exposure levels of PM_（10） in adults during the serious sandstorm in spring in Erenhot,Inner Mongolia. Methods Before the serious sandstorm which occurred at the beginning of March 2016, 300 local adult residents were selected randomly and the questionnaire survey was performed on their micro-environmental and time activity patterns（METAP）. The PM_（10） concentration in microenvironment of adults＇ activities was monitored by fine particulate matter detector in the period of sandstorm. The population exposure patterns and parameters were analyzed. The total exposure levels of PM_（10） were thereby evaluated by method of micro-environmental levels and time-activities patterns. Results The average exposure levels of the indoor staffs going to work on foot or by bicycle without wearing mask（419.76 μg/m^3） were significantly higher than those wearing mask（182.14 μg/m^3） or by vehicles（236.39 μg/m^3）. As for the herdsmen going to work on foot or by bicycle without wearing mask, the exposure level（1 590.66 μg/m^3） was more than four times higher than those wearing mask（323.34 μg/m^3）; At the same time, the exposure levels derived from ambient concentration was 4 472.88 μg/m^3, 2.81 and 10.66 times of those based on METAP respectively. Conclusion The risk of PM_（10） exposure for local residents during the serious sandstorm can be mainly induced by the outdoor exposure and the estimated values of the PM_（10） exposure by METAP method is more accurate.